Buckler made of two thicknesses of leather joined by eight large rosettes of iron to a ring of strip metal. The rim of the central boss is still in position, and pierced for eight rivets. Bucklers were used in combat and for martial exercises. They were held in the left hand to parry an opponent's blade. Sword and buckler contests were a popular spectator sport, but could get out of hand with unruly crowds rampaging through the streets carrying 'swerd, bokeler, and dagareis.'
